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Depth Notes

Field notes and dive theory from the depths.

Sepia-toned vintage photo of an early bulky wrist-worn dive computer with multiple digital LCD readouts and a toggle switch, strapped to a forearm
technique

Reading Your Dive Computer in Real Time

June 19, 2025 · 9 min read

How to use GF99 and Surface GF as live operational tools, what ascent rate data shows, and understanding what your algorithm cannot see — subclinical DCS, individual physiology, and the limits of the model.

Decompression profile graph plotting inert gas tension and depth against run time, with coloured tissue compartment curves and labelled gas switches to trimix, nitrox 50, oxygen, and air
technique

Decompression Algorithms: ZHL-16C, RGBM, and VPM

June 12, 2025 · 7 min read

The three decompression models running inside modern dive computers — what separates dissolved-gas models from bubble models, how they handle repetitive dives differently, and what the outcome data actually shows.

Group of scuba divers in masks and wetsuits hovering underwater near the surface, raising their arms with bubbles streaming upward
safety

Fit to Dive

June 9, 2025 · 9 min read

How chronic conditions like asthma, hypertension, and diabetes interact with diving safety — plus what physical conditioning actually looks like for a diver who wants to stay safe underwater.

Overhead view of a man lying spread-eagle on green grass, eyes closed and arms outstretched, looking exhausted
physiology

Post-Dive Fatigue

June 9, 2025 · 6 min read

The two mechanisms behind post-dive fatigue — physical workload and subclinical decompression stress — and what you can actually do about each of them.

Abstract image of a translucent balloon stretched and pinched to a tiny constricted opening at its centre against a white background, evoking lung tissue near rupture
physiology

Pulmonary Barotrauma & AGE

June 9, 2025 · 8 min read

What pulmonary barotrauma is, how arterial gas embolism happens, and why even a shallow ascent with a closed airway can cause a life-threatening emergency.

Two potted plants in sunlight — a wilting, drooping plant in a terracotta pot beside a healthy, full green plant in a white pot
physiology

Immune Suppression and Diving

June 8, 2025 · 6 min read

Why repetitive or deep diving temporarily suppresses immune function, what ROS and cytokines have to do with it, and how to recover properly between dive days.

Wisps of steam rising off the surface of dark, still water against a black background, with concentric ripples spreading below
physiology

Thermal Stress in Diving

June 8, 2025 · 8 min read

How cold water changes nitrogen off-gassing during decompression, why your dive computer can't account for it, and what thermal protection gear you actually need at depth.

Sepia-toned vintage photo of an early bulky wrist-worn dive computer with multiple digital LCD readouts and a toggle switch, strapped to a forearm
technique

Dive Computers: How They Actually Work

June 5, 2025 · 7 min read

What your dive computer is doing beneath the display — how it models nitrogen loading every few seconds, what every reading means, and the mistakes that turn a safety tool into a liability.

Close-up of a capped glass cola bottle against a dark background, fizzing foam overflowing from the neck with droplets flying off — a decompression analogy
safety

Predisposing Factors for Decompression Sickness

June 3, 2025 · 9 min read

Why identical dive profiles produce different outcomes in different divers — the physiological, environmental, and behavioural factors that shift decompression risk beyond what any algorithm can predict.

A chrome-and-black acoustic stethoscope lying on a softly lit pale grey surface
safety

Diver Risk & Physiology

June 2, 2025 · 7 min read

What decompression sickness actually is, how nitrogen bubbles form, what they do to the body, and the basics of prevention — a practical primer for any diver.

Chest X-ray showing the ribcage, spine and both lungs displayed on a backlit medical viewing monitor in a dim room
physiology

Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity

June 1, 2025 · 5 min read

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity — how it differs from CNS toxicity, what OTUs and the Arieli K-Index actually measure, and why CCR divers on long exposures need better tracking tools than a single daily limit.

A lit sparkler throwing white sparks with a glowing orange and blue burning tip against a black background
physiology

CNS Oxygen Toxicity

May 31, 2025 · 7 min read

CNS oxygen toxicity — what actually happens in the brain when PO₂ gets too high, how risk accumulates over time, and how to manage oxygen exposure in technical and CCR diving.

Close-up of a rusted, oxidised metal surface in vivid orange and red, pitted with corrosion
physiology

Oxygen Toxicity & ROS

May 30, 2025 · 7 min read

What reactive oxygen species are, how they form at elevated PO₂, why diving accelerates their production, and how this connects to both CNS and pulmonary oxygen toxicity.

Dense white fog spreading low across a dark wooden floor against a black background, evoking heavy gas settling
technique

Gas Density and CO₂ Buildup

May 29, 2025 · 7 min read

Why gas density increases with depth, how CO₂ retention happens even when you think you're breathing normally, and why this is one of the most underestimated risks in deep diving.

Glass tumbler holding amber spirit on a bar top, lit by warm golden bokeh lights in the dark background
physiology

Inert Gas Narcosis

May 29, 2025 · 8 min read

What inert gas narcosis actually does to your brain at depth — the membrane and protein mechanisms behind it, why the martini analogy undersells the risk, and how helium changes the picture.

Decompression profile graph plotting inert gas tension against run time, with a black stepped depth line and colored tissue-compartment loading curves, annotated with gas switches to trimix, nitrox, oxygen, and air
physiology

M-Values, Half-Times, and Tissue Compartments

May 28, 2025 · 8 min read

How Haldane's tissue compartment model works, what half-times and M-values actually represent, and why your dive computer's decompression ceiling is only as accurate as the physics it assumes.

Vintage sepia photograph of an early wrist-mounted electronic dive computer with segmented digital readouts and control buttons strapped to a forearm
physiology

Gradient Factors & Dive Computers

May 23, 2025 · 9 min read

What gradient factors actually are, how GF Low and GF High shape your ascent, and why every diver using a modern computer should understand the numbers behind their decompression ceiling.

Green and yellow Enriched Air Nitrox cylinder warning label reading "Analyze before using" and "This breathing media is restricted to nitrox or trimix certified divers"
technique

The Benefits of Nitrox

May 23, 2025 · 6 min read

Enriched Air Nitrox — how it extends no-decompression limits, why it matters for repetitive diving, and what the actual risks are if you get the planning wrong.

Two faces in profile silhouetted against a dark background, one exhaling a visible plume of white breath vapour toward the other
physiology

Breathing Underwater: A Guide to Diving Physiology

May 22, 2025 · 7 min read

What changes when you breathe underwater — gas density, partial pressures, and why every breath at depth is more complex than it looks on the surface.

Macro close-up of a glass of carbonated water, tiny gas bubbles clinging to the inside surface and rising through the liquid
physiology

Bubble Models

May 22, 2025 · 7 min read

How bubble models like VPM and RGBM differ from standard gas content algorithms, why microbubbles matter even on clean profiles, and what the research actually says about deep stops.

A hand prising the cap off a fizzing glass soda bottle against a dark background, carbonation bubbles rising inside the neck — the decompression analogy
safety

Sponges, Soda Bottles, and Safe Ascents

May 22, 2025 · 7 min read

How gas content models work, what tissue compartments and M-values actually represent, and why your dive computer is making calculations on every second of every dive.